People

Dr Christian Brand

• Research Fellow in Transport, Energy and the Environment
• Faculty Associate, Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, Oxford.
• Tel: +44 (0)1865 285177
• Email: christian.brand@tsu.ox.ac.uk

• Academic Profile
• Current Research
• Teaching
• Publications

Academic Profile

Christian is a senior researcher in Transport, Energy and the Environment, sharing his time between the Environmental Change Institute's (ECI) Lower Carbon Futures (LCF) team and the Transport Studies Unit (TSU).

His key skills and competencies include:

• 15 years experience in strategic transport-energy-environment modelling to provide policy support to national and local governments and the wider research community
• Extensive experience in measuring and evaluating personal travel behaviour and its impacts on energy use and climate change
• Considerable experience in techno-economic assessment of transport technologies, policies and measures at the national and European levels
• Many years experience in developing complex models and evaluation tools using spreadsheet, relational database and web-development software
• Problem solving with strong research background
• Project management
• Successful business development
• Multilingual

Christian holds a D.Phil. in Geography from the University of Oxford on "Personal Travel and Climate Change: exploring greenhouse gas emissions from personal travel activity of individuals and households". He also holds two Master of Science degrees, the first in Environmental Technology from ICCET, Imperial College, focussed on Energy Policy, and the second in Physics from the University of Heidelberg, Germany, which focussed on physical chemistry and laser physics.

Research

Christian's research profile spans 15 years of developing and delivering projects in both consultancy and academic environments, focusing on integrated analysis of the interface between transport, energy and the environment. His main research interests are in:

• The future is uncertain - let's see what could happen if...: developing tools for scenario development and policy analysis of ownership and use of lower carbon technologies and policies in transport to mitigate climate change
• Evidence based policy: unpacking transport solutions in terms of their net environmental (climate change, air pollution, noise) and economic (congestion, energy source depletion, energy security) and wider sustainability (land take by transport biofuels) impacts
• Mitigation strategies: developing climate change mitigation strategies in the transport and energy sectors, including cost-effectiveness analysis
• Think globally, act locally: awareness raising, feedback and education in personal transport and household energy use

Current research:

1. Christian is co-investigator at the University of Oxford on the EPSRC funded iConnect (Impact of COnstructing Non-motorised Networks and Evaluating Changes in Travel) study, which from May 2008 to May 2013 aims to measure and evaluate the changes in travel behaviour, physical activity and carbon emissions related to Sustrans' Connect2 projects and other physical interventions. His duties include looking after the energy use and carbon elements across the work programme, supervising a Research Fellow and two doctoral students during the main case study work, and leading the dissemination work jointly with Dr Harry Rutter of the Department for Public Heath.
2. He is co-leader of the Transport Topic within the Energy Demand Theme of the UK Energy Research Centre (2004-2014). His main duties involve leading the transport element of on-going scenario development work, development of the UK Transport Carbon Model (UKTCM) and its deployment in strategic policy analysis. This work is in close collaboration with Dr Jillian Anable, Senior Lecturer at Aberdeen University.
3. He is transport expert on the JRF funded Understanding the social impacts of UK climate policies project (from November 2009 to May 2011), led by the Centre for Sustainable Energy (CSE) in Bristol, UK. This project aims to provide the understanding and analytical tools necessary to underpin socially just responses to climate change in the UK, by revealing in detail the distributional consequences of a wide-range of current, proposed and possible future policies designed to mitigate UK household energy and transport-related carbon emissions, enhancing understanding of these social aspects of climate policy within both climate and social policy arenas, and improving and proliferating capability to model policy options and assess their justness. He is heavily involved in the data harmonisation and imputation of transport survey data and leading on transport survey modelling and analysis.

Previous research:

1. Contributor to a series of projects and reports for the European Environment Agency, including Climate for a transport change. TERM 2007: indicators tracking transport and environment in the European Union
2. Consultant to Eurostar (with Paul Watkiss) on assessing and significance testing of the environmental impacts of their European rail operations, see for example summary results showing that Eurostar is greener than flying
3. 'Counting your Carbon: The Development and Deployment of Integrated Travel Emissions Profiles', covering annual travel activity and emissions of greenhouse gases and local air pollutants at the households and individuals levels. Funded by ESRC and ECI Research Fellowship.
4. Transport expert on the UK TSEC-Biosys project, which conducts innovative multi and inter-disciplinary research from a whole systems perspective. TSEC-Biosys provides authoritative and independent answers on technical, economic, environmental and social issues related to the development of bioenergy in the UK. Christian is working specifically on MARKAL energy systems modelling, demand segmentation of the transport sector, scenario development of bioenergy supply chains and related policy analysis.
5. Consultant to Tesco Stores Ltd: 'Tesco Staff Carbon Profiles': auditing, feedback and awareness raising of carbon emissions from personal travel and household energy use of a small sample of Tesco employees.
6. 'Tools for Evaluating Strategically Integrated Transport (TEST)', developing an innovative software tool to assess the most appropriate public transport technology for particular urban and inter-urban corridors. Funded by EPSRC and the UK Department for Transport.
7. 'Transport and Access to Health Care - The Potential of New Information Technology', mapping existing health care transport facilities; mapping the needs of users of health care facilities; comparing the existing provision with needs; and developing a revised model of health care transport provision by studying the potential for on-line communications and demand-responsive transport. Funded by the UK Department for Transport.

Prior to this, Christian was working for 5 years in the private sector as a Senior Consultant in Transport and the Environment with AEA Technology Environment and as a Transport Analyst with the former government energy agency ETSU. This work included large EC funded transport and environment research projects such as FANTASIE and UTOPIA (!), as well as project management and business development.

Teaching

Christian supervises 3 D.Phil. students hosted at the School of Geography and the Environment: Andre Neves, Lucy Mahoney and Malek Al-Chalabi. Both Andre and Lucy hold EPSRC research studentships on the iConnect project. Christian is also regularly supervising MSc students on their Masters thesis projects, with focus on research topics related to transport, energy and the environment. In the past Christian ran the Transport and the Environment option of the ECI led MSc in Environmental Change and Management.

Publications

Books and book chapters

• Brand, C. (2008) Personal Travel and Climate Change: Exploring climate change emissions from personal travel activity of individuals and households. VDM Verlag Dr. Muller Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG. pp. 400. ISBN-10: 3639025075. ISBN-13: 978-3639025071.
• Mudu, P., Kahlmeier, S., Racioppi, F., Brand, C. and Goodwin, F. (in press) Transport, energy and health. In Energy and Health, edited by Menne et al. Copenhagen, WHO Europe.

Refereed Journals

• Ogilvie, D., Bull, F., Cooper, A., Rutter, H., Adams, E., Brand, C., Ghali, K., Jones, T., Mutrie, N., Powell, J., Preston, J., Sahlqvist, S. and Song, Y. (2012) Evaluating the travel, physical activity and carbon impacts of a 'natural experiment' in the provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure: methods for the core module of the iConnect study. BMJ Open, 2(1): e000694.
• Brand, C., Tran, M. and Anable, J. (2012) The UK transport carbon model: an integrated life cycle approach to explore low carbon futures. Energy Policy, 41: 107-124.
• Anable, J., Brand, C., Tran, M. and Eyre, N. (2012) Modelling transport energy demand: A socio-technical approach. Energy Policy, 41: 125-138.
• Ogilvie, D., Bull, F., Powell, J., Cooper, A.R., Brand, C., Mutrie, N., Preston, J.M. and Rutter, H. (2011) An applied ecological framework for evaluating infrastructure to promote walking and cycling: the iConnect study. American Journal of Public Health, 101(3): 473-481.
• Eyre, N., Anable, J., Brand, C., Layberry, R. and Strachan, N. (2010) The way we live from now on: lifestyle and energy consumption. Chapter 9 in, Skea, J., Ekins, P. and M. Winskel (eds.) Energy 2050 - Making the Transition to a Secure Low Carbon Energy System. Earthscan, ISBN 9781849710848.
• Powell, J., Dalton, A., Brand, C. and Ogilvie, D. (2010) The Health Economic Case for Infrastructure to Promote Active Travel: A Critical Review Built Environment, 36(4): 504-518.
• Jablonski, S., Strachan, N., Brand, C. and Bauen, A. (2010) The role of bioenergy in the UK's energy future formulation and modelling of long-term UK bioenergy scenarios. Energy Policy, 38(10): 5799-5816.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J.M. (2010) '60-20 emission' - The unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal, non-business travel in the UK. Transport Policy, 17: 9-19.
• Brand, C. (2009) "Hockey Sticks" Made of Carbon: Unequal Distribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Personal Travel in the United Kingdom, Paper 09-2729. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2139: 88-96.
• Givoni, M., Brand, C. and Watkiss, P. (2009) Are railways 'climate friendly'? Built Environment, 35(1): 70-86.
• Brand, C. and Boardman, B. (2008) Taming of the few - the unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal travel in the UK. Energy Policy, 36(1): 224-238.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2003) Which technology for urban public transport? A review of system performance, costs and impacts. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Transport, 156(4): 201-210.
• Brand, C., Mattarelli, M., Moon, D. and Wolfler Calvo, R. (2002) STEEDS: A strategic transport–energy–environment decision support. European Journal of Operational Research, 139(2): 416-435

Project Reports and Consultancy

• Brand, C. (2010) UK Transport Carbon Model: Reference Guide v1.0. Oxford, Energy Demand Theme, UKERC.
• Brand, C. (2010) UK Transport Carbon Model: User Guide v1.0. Oxford, Energy Demand Theme, UKERC.
• UKERC (2009) Making the transitions to a secure and low carbon energy system: synthesis report. London, UK Energy Research Centre.
• Brand, C. (contributor) (2008) Success stories within the road transport sector on reducing greenhouse gas emission and producing ancillary benefits. Technical report No 2/2008. European Environment Agency and Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
• Brand, C. (contributor) (2008) Climate for a transport change. TERM 2007: indicators tracking transport and environment in the European Union. EEA Report No 1/2008. European Environment Agency and Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
• Brand, C., Preston, J.M. and Boardman, B. (2006) Integrated travel emissions profiles: final research report to the ESRC. Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C. (2006) Integrated travel emissions profiles: case study report, TSU Working Paper Series, Ref. 1017. Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C., Raje, F., Preston, J. and Grieco, M. (2004) Transport and access to health care: The potential of new information technology. Final report. TSU, Oxford University for the Dept. for Transport, London.
• Brand, C. (2004) Integrated travel emissions profiles: methodology report. TSU Working Paper Ref. 981, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C., Boardman, B. and Preston, J. (2004) Integrated travel emissions profiles: Report on literature review. Transport Studies Unit Working Paper Series, Ref. 982. Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2002) The wider costs and benefits of urban public transport systems. Transport Studies Unit Working Paper Series, Ref. 919. Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2002) The field studies - synthesis of results. Transport Studies Unit Working Paper Series, Ref. 931. Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2001) Technical and financial characteristics of public transport systems. Transport Studies Unit Working Paper Series, Ref. 911. Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C., Bush, T., Stedman, J. and Murrells, T. (2001) Policy evaluation: measures to reduce air pollution from road traffic. AEA Technology Environment for the Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions, the Scottish Executive, the National Assembly for Wales and the Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland.
• Watkiss, P., Brand, C., Hurley, F., Pilkington, A., Mindell, J., Joffe, M. and Anderson, R. (2000) On the move: informing transport health impact assessment in London. NHS Executive London and AEA Technology Environment.
• Bates, J., Brand, C., Davison, P. and Hill, N. (2000) Economic evaluation of emissions reductions in the transport sector of the EU. AEA Technology Environment for DG Environment, European Commission, Brussels.
• Brand, C. (2000) Transport CO₂ indicator: assessment and action plan. Final Report. AEA Technology Environment for HM Customs & Excise Duty, London.
• Watkiss, P., Brand, C. and Murrells, T. (2000) Strategic environmental assessment of CNG taxis in London, Final Report, AEA Technology Environment for BG Group.
• Watkiss, P., Brand, C., Hinds, N., Holland, M., Marx, C. and Stephenson, W. (2000) Urban energy-use: guidance on reducing environmental impacts. Final Report for the Department for International Development.
• Brand, C. et al (2000) Reducing congestion by introducing new concepts of transport: policy and market synthesis. European Commission, DG Transport and Energy.
• Moon, D.P. and Brand, C. (1999) Strategic transport-energy-environment decision support (STEEDS), Final Report. AEA Technology for the European Commission, DG RESEARCH.
• Brand, C. et al (1999) CANTIQUE? Cleaner air for Europe: the role of non-technical transport measures. AEA Technology for the European Commission, DG TRANSPORT.
• Brand, C. et al (1998) Characterisation of technologies for impact assessment Project milestone deliverable 12. ETSU for the European Commission, DG Transport and Energy.
• Brand, C. et al (1997) Forecast of new technologies with major impacts. Project milestone deliverable 9. ETSU for the European Commission, DG Transport and Energy.
• Brand, C. et al (1997) A state-of-the-art survey and review of new transport technologies. Project milestone deliverable 8. ETSU for the European Commission, DG Transport and Energy.

Conference papers

• Brand, C., Anable, J. and Tran, M. (2009) 20% transport - how we may get there. Paper presented at the RGS-IBG Annual International Conference, August, Manchester.
• Brand, C. (2009) "Hockey sticks" made of carbon: unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal travel in the United Kingdom. Paper #09-2729, presented at the Transportation Research Board 88th Annual Meeting, January, Washington DC.
• Jablonski, S., Strachan, N., Brand, C., Pantaleo, A. and Bauen, A. (2008) A systematic assessment of bioenergy representation in the UK-MARKAL model: insights on the formulation of bioenergy scenarios [PDF: 169KB] Paper presented at the European Bioenergy Conference, Valencia, June 2008.
• Brand, C. (2007) .
• Brand, C. and Preston, J.M. (2006) TEST - A tool for evaluating strategically integrated public transport. Proceedings of the European Transport Conferences 2006. PTRC/ETC, Strasbourg.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2004) Tools for evaluating strategically integrated public transport. Proceedings of the 2004 UTSG Conference, Loughborough University, UK. Also published as a TSU Working Paper Ref. 965, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C. and Moon, D.P. (2000) Integrated modelling and decision support for environmental transport policy and technology choices across Europe. Proceedings of the European Transport Conference 2000, Cambridge, UK.

Other

Christian lives in Oxford with his partner Angela and two cheeky little girls called Eva (8) and Sofia (5). His personal interests include listening to music, walking & trekking, sport (tennis, swimming, cayaking, table tennis, frisbee), movies, gardening and 'fixing things'.