TRANSPORT STUDIES UNIT

• Associate Professor in Transport, Energy and Environment at the Environmental Change Institute and Transport Studies Unit
• Fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford

• Email: christian.brand@ouce.ox.ac.uk
• Tel: +44 (0)1865 285527

About

Dr Christian Brand is an interdisciplinary environmental scientist, physicist and geographer with over 25 years research experience in academic and consultancy environments. He is Associate Professor in Transport, Energy and Environment at the University of Oxford's Transport Studies Unit and Environmental Change Institute. He received his DPhil in Geography and the Environment from the University of Oxford in 2006.

Areas of research and teaching:

• Transport and energy - impacts on climate change, local air pollution and public health
• 'Active travel': walking, cycling, wheeling, micromobility
• Transport-energy systems modelling to inform net zero carbon emissions pathways and policies
• The unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal transport
• Evaluation of transport and energy interventions and policies

Current Research

Over the past 20 years Christian has been principal or co-investigator on research projects worth over £20 million.

1. He is Co-Director of the UK Energy Research Centre, where he is leading projects on energy-transport systemic change and deep decarbonisation pathways for transport.
2. He is Co-Investigator of ELEVATE, a major new research project exploring the role that electrically assisted modes of transport including e-bikes, e-cargo bikes, e-scooters and e-trikes might have in reducing mobility-related energy demand and carbon emissions.
3. Christian also leads a major project in the Centre for Research on Energy Demand Solutions on the impacts of lifestyle and social change on mobility-related energy demand.
4. He is Co-investigator on the FCDO's Climate Compatible Growth programme working with local partners in low and middle income countries on transport decarbonisation.
5. He has led ground-breaking research on evaluating the health, carbon and mobility impacts of active travel interventions, working with British, European and global partners such as the WHO.

Completed research

Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA)

Funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme; 2013-2017; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) with multiple research partners; Dr Christian Brand. More information.

Accelerating decreases in van carbon emissions (adVANce)

Funded by the EPSRC via the UKERC phase 3 Flexible Research Fund; 2016-2019; University of Oxford with University of Leeds; Dr Christian Brand. More information.

UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) Phase III - Decision Making Theme, Energy and Transport topic

Funded by UKERC phase 3 Flexible Research Fund; 2014-2019; University of Oxford with University of Leeds; Dr Christian Brand. More information.

Maximising Home Delivery

Funded by the EPSRC; 2016-2018; University of Oxford with University of Cambridge, Heriot Watt University, Waitrose, Sainsbury's and Tesco; Prof Tim Schwanen and Dr Christian Brand. More information.

UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) Phase 2: Energy Demand Theme

Focused on exploring how socio-economic and technical change affect transport energy demand and technology diffusion in the UK, and to apply this to the need for more radical change to respond to climate and energy security challenges. Funded by NERC; 2004-2014; Dr Nick Eyre and Dr Christian Brand. More information.

UK Infrastructure Transitions Research Consortium: Long term dynamics of interdependent infrastructure systems

The ITRC informs the analysis, planning and design of national infrastructure, including transport, through the development and demonstration of new decision support tools, and working with partners in government and industry. EPSRC (EP/I01344X/1). 2011-2015. Dr Nick Eyre and Prof Jim Hall. More information.

Oxford Transport Laboratory (MobOx)

Feasibility Study (Phase 1) focusing on (a) minimising the impact of the closure of the city centre Westgate Car park, with loss of 800 car parking spaces, on the rest of the transport system, and (b) integrating transport systems and infrastructure, to improve user experience and increase economic activity within the Oxford ring road. Funded by TSB. 2014. Co-I Dr Christian Brand.

Future Roadmaps of Transportation Energy and Technology

Explored and compared the composition, timing and scale of uptake of alternative transport fuels and technologies in Korea and the UK. Funded by the Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER). 2013-2015. Led Dr Christian Brand. More information.

Understanding the social impacts of UK climate policies

Provided the understanding and analytical tools necessary to underpin socially just responses to climate change in the UK. Funded by Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 2009-2013. Co-I Dr Christian Brand. More information.

Longer summary: The project looked at the distribution of carbon emissions and abatement opportunities of households in England, and the implications for energy and climate change policy impacts. The UK government has a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 80% on 1990 levels by 2050. In addition there are statutory targets to ensure that no household is in fuel poverty by 2016. An understanding of how current and proposed policy approaches to meeting these targets are likely to impact differentially on domestic energy consumers is fundamental to ensuring policies are both fair and effective. This research project used advanced modelling techniques to develop and analyse the datasets needed to support and further understanding of:

• the distribution of carbon emissions - from energy consumed in the home and through personal travel by car, public transport and aviation - across households in Great Britain;
• the impact of existing government energy and climate policies on consumer energy bills and household emissions in England;
• the potential for an alternative approach to reducing emissions in the domestic sector through a wide-scale retrofit of the housing stock.

Impact of Constructing Non-motorised Networks and Evaluating Changes in Travel (iConnect)

Focused on measuring and evaluating the travel, physical activity and carbon impacts of new high-quality walking and cycling routes in the UK. Funded by the ESPRC. 2008-2013. Led by Dr Christian Brand, with Dr Tim Jones, Lucy Mahoney and Andre Neves. More information.

iConnect: knowledge transfer to policy and practice for future active travel development

Knowledge exchange project addressing the need of sustainable transport and health organisations at national and international levels to develop evidence-based strategies, policies and delivery programmes for future active travel development. Funded by EPSRC Impact Accelerator Account. 2014-2015. PI: Dr Christian Brand.

Towards an integrated carbon and health economic assessment tool (C+HEAT) for walking and cycling

Proof of concept project that explored, developed and tested a novel carbon economic assessment tool for measuring and valuing the carbon savings of increasing population level walking and cycling. Funded by OUP John Fell Fund. 2013-2014. Co-I: Dr Christian Brand.

Real-time vehicle monitoring for energy efficiency in transport

Proof of concept project that designed, created and tested a number of novel in-journey engine-monitoring systems for better energy efficiency in car use. Funded by OUP John Fell Fund. 2014. PI: Dr Nick Eyre, with Dr Christian Brand and Dr Russell Layberry.

Integrated travel emissions profiles

Developed and deployed so-called Integrated Travel Emissions Profiles covering annual travel activity and emissions of greenhouse gases and local air pollutants at the households and individuals levels. The results were widely reported in the international media, including New York Times, BBC News and The Guardian. Funded by ESRC. 2004-2006. Co-I Dr Christian Brand.

Teaching

Graduate Research Students - current and recent

• Mobility, Subjective Wellbeing and Health in Transitional China: towards socially sustainable cities, Wenbo Guo, started October 2016 (co supervisor, with Dr Tim Schwanen).
• Technology innovation and policy instruments to advance low-carbon transport and renewable energy use in developing Asian economies, Toru Kubo, on-going (Co supervisor, self funded). Toru is working for the Asian Development Bank in Manila and plans to complete on a P/T basis in 2017.
• Investigating the Interactions of Travel Behaviour and Wellbeing: A Longitudinal, Mixed-methods Case Study of Penarth and Cardiff, Wales, Lucy Mahoney, completed TT 2015 (Lead supervisor, funded by EPSRC). Lucy now works for Transport for London on public transport strategy.
• The impact of new walking and cycling infrastructure on personal travel and carbon emissions: the case of Cardiff Connect2, Andre Neves, completed TT 2015 (Lead supervisor, funded by EPSRC). Andre now works for Transport for London on cycling strategy.
• Electric Vehicles in China: Past, Present and Future, Zichen Zhang, completed TT 2015 (Co supervisor, funded by Chinese Government grant). Zichen now works for the World Bank in Beijing.
• The road not taken?: a longitudinal and interdisciplinary examination of energy behaviours, Malek Al-Chalabi, completed HT 2014 (Co supervisor, self funded). Malek now works for Shell in Dubai.
• Accelerating the uptake of low carbon vehicles, Craig Morton, completed 2013 (External co-supervisor, University of Aberdeen, funded by NERC UK Energy Research Centre Phase 2). Craig now works as Research Fellow at the University of Leeds.

Publications

• ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-5328
• Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=sAOvvKwAAAAJ

Christian is the author of over 50 peer reviewed journal papers, including Nature Energy, Global Environmental Change and Transportation Research A, D and F. He has authored over 30 book chapters and technical reports, and contributed to Greta Thunberg's The Climate Book. He serves on the board of the UNECE project on Green Jobs in Sustainable Transport and the WHO Health Economic Assessment Tools for Walking and Cycling.

Books

• Brand, C. (2008) Personal Travel and Climate Change: Exploring climate change emissions from personal travel activity of individuals and households. VDM Verlag Dr Müller. pp. 400. ISBN: 978-3639025071.

Journal Articles

• Barrett, J., Pye, S., Betts-Davies, S., Brand, C., et al. (2022) Energy demand reduction options for meeting national zero-emission targets in the United Kingdom. Nature Energy.
• Brand, C., Anable, J. and Marsden, G. (2022) The role of energy demand reduction in achieving net-zero in the UK: Transport and mobility. Proceedings of the European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy 2022 Summer Study, Hyeres, France, 6-11 June.
• Dixon, J., Buksh, W., Bell, K. and Brand, C. (2022) The impact of plug-in frequency on the potential of vehicle to grid to support transport and electricity system decarbonisation. eTransportation. 100180.
• Sulikova, S. and Brand, C. (2022) Do information-based measures affect active travel, and if so, for whom, when and under what circumstances? Evidence from a longitudinal case-control study. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 160: 219-234.
• Yang, X., Orjuela, J.P., McCoy, E., Vich, G., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C., et al. (2022) The impact of black carbon (BC) on mode-specific galvanic skin response (GSR) as a measure of stress in urban environments. Environmental Research, 214. 114083.
• Brand, C. (2021) Active Travel's Contribution to Climate Change Mitigation: Research Summary and Outlook. Active Travel Studies, 1(1).
• Brand, C., Dons, E., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Clark, A., de Nazelle, A., Gascon, M., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Gerike, R., Götschi, T., Iacorossi, F., Kahlmeier, S., Laeremans, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Pablo Orjuela, J., Racioppi, F., Raser, E., Rojas-Rueda, D., Standaert, A., Stigell, E., Sulikova, S., Wegener, S. and Int Panis, L. (2021) The climate change mitigation effects of daily active travel in cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 93. 102764.
• Brand, C., Götschi, T., Dons, E., Gerike, R., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., de Nazelle, A., Gascon, M., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Iacorossi, F., Kahlmeier, S., Int Panis, L., Racioppi, F., Rojas-Rueda, D., Standaert, A., Stigell, E., Sulikova, S., Wegener, S. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J. (2021) The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities. Global Environmental Change, 67. 102224.
• Logan, K.G., Nelson, J.D., Brand, C. and Hastings, A. (2021) Phasing in electric vehicles: Does policy focusing on operating emission achieve net zero emissions reduction objectives? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 152: 100-114.
• Sulikova, S.and Brand, C. (2021) Investigating what makes people walk or cycle using a socio-ecological approach in seven European cities. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 83: 351-381.
• Tran, M. and Brand, C. (2021) Smart urban mobility for mitigating carbon emissions, reducing health impacts and avoiding environmental damage costs. Environmental Research Letters.
• Yang, X., McCoy, E., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C., Carrasco-Turigas, G., Dons, E., Gerike, R., Goetschi, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Pablo Orjuela, J., Int Panis, L., Standaert, A. and de Nazelle, A. (2021) The effects of traveling in different transport modes on galvanic skin response (GSR) as a measure of stress: An observational study. Environment International, 156. 106764.
• Brand, C., Anable, J., Ketsopoulou, I. and Watson, J. (2020) Road to zero or road to nowhere? Disrupting transport and energy in a zero carbon world. Energy Policy, 139. 111334.
• Brand, C., Schwanen, T. and Anable, J. (2020) 'Online Omnivores' or 'Willing but struggling'? Identifying online grocery shopping behavior segments using attitude theory. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 57. 102195.
• Gascon, M., Marquet, O., Gracia-Lavedan, E., Ambros, A., Gotschi, T., de Nazelle, A., Panis, L.I., Gerike, R., Brand, C., Dons, E., Eriksson, U., Iacorossi, F., Avila-Palencia, I., Cole-Hunter, T. and Nieuwenhuisjen, M.J. (2020) What explains public transport use? Evidence from seven European cities. Transport Policy, 99: 362-374.
• Götschi, T., Kahlmeier, S., Castro, A., Brand, C., Cavill, N., Kelly, P., Lieb, C., Rojas-Rueda, D., Woodcock, J. and Racioppi, F. (2020) Integrated Impact Assessment of Active Travel: Expanding the Scope of the Health Economic Assessment Tool (HEAT) for Walking and Cycling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20). 7361.
• Brand, C., Anable, J. and Morton, C. (2019) Lifestyle, efficiency and limits: modelling transport energy and emissions using a socio-technical approach. Energy Efficiency, 12(1): 187-207.
• Castro, A., Gaupp-Berhausen, M., Dons, E., Standaert, A., Laeremans, M., Clark, A., Anaya, E., Cole-Hunter, T., Avila-Palencia, I., Rojas-Rueda, D., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Gerike, R., Panis, L.I., de Nazelle, A., Brand, C., Raser, E., Kahlmeier, S., and Götschi, T. (2019) Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives.
• Gascon, M., Götschi, T. de Nazelle, A., Gracia, E., Ambròs, A., Márquez, S., Marquet, O., Avila-Palencia, I., brand, C., Iacorossi, F., Raser, E., Gaupp-Berghuasen, M., Dons, E., Laeremans, M., Kahlmeier, S., Sánchez, J., Gerike, R., Anaya-Boig, E., Panis, L.I. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2019) Correlates of Walking for Travel in Seven European Cities: The PASTA Project. Environmental Health Perspectives, 127(9).
• Neves, A. and Brand, C. (2019) Assessing the potential for carbon emissions savings from replacing short car trips with walking and cycling using a mixed GPS-travel diary approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice.
• Al-Chalabi, M., Banister, D. and Brand, C. (2018) On target? Examining the effects of information displays on household energy and travel behaviour in Oxford, United Kingdom. Energy Research and Social Science, 44: 278-290.
• Dons, E., Laeremans, M., Anaya-Boid, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C. de Nazelle, A., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Gotschi, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Orjuela, J.P., Raser, E., Standaert, A. and Panis, L.I. (2018) Concern over health effects of air pollution is associated to NO2 in seven European cities. Air Quality, Atmosphere and Health.
• Dons, E., Rojas-Rueda, D., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C., Cole-Hunter, T., de Nazelle, A., Eriksson, U., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Gerike, R., Kahlmeier, S., Laeremans, M., Mueller, N., Nawrot, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Orjuela, J.P., Racioppi, F., Raser, E., Standaert, A. Panis, L.I. and Gotschi, T. (2018) Transport mode choice and body mass index: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from a European-wide study. Environmental International, 119: 109-116.
• Li, P., Zhao, P. and Brand, C. (2018) Future energy use and CO2 emissions of urban passenger transport in China: A travel behavior and urban form based approach. Applied Energy, 211.
• Mueller, N., Rojas-Rueda, D., Salmon, M., Martinez, D., Ambros, A., Brand, C., de Nazelle, A., Dons, E., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Gerike, R., Gotschi, T., Iacorossi, F., Int Panis, L., Kahlmeier, S., Raser, E. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2018) Health impact assessment of cycling network expansions in European cities. Preventive Medicine, 109: 62-70.
• Raser, E., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Dons, E., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C., et al. (2018) European cyclists' travel behavior: Differences and similarities between seven European (PASTA) cities. Journal of Transport and Health.
• Brand, C., Cluzel, C. and Anable, J. (2017) Modeling the uptake of plug-in vehicles in a heterogeneous car market using a consumer segmentation approach. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 97: 121-136.
• Dons, E., Götschi, T., Rojas-Rueda, d., Anaya Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C., Cole-Hunter, T., de Nazelle, A., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Gerike, R., Kahlmeier, S., Laeremans, M., Muelle, N., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Pablo Orjuela, J., Racioppi, F., Raser, E., Standaert, A., Stigell, E., and Int Panis, L. (2017) 1967 - Male Car Drivers Are 4kg Heavier Than Cyclists: Results from a Cross-Sectional Analysis in Seven European Cities. Journal of Transport and Health, 27-28.
• Dons, E., Laeremans, M., Anaya Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C., Cole-Hunter, T., de Nazelle, A., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Gerike, R., Götschi, T., Mueller, N., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Pablo Orjuela, J., Raser, E., Rojas-Rueda, D., Standaert, A., Stigell, E. and Int Panis, L. (2017) 1969 - NO2 but Not PM2.5 at the Home Address is Associated with Concern over Health Effects of Air Pollution. Journal of Transport and Health, 5(94).
• Götschi, T., Nazelle, A., Brand, C. and Gerike, R. (2017) Towards a Comprehensive Conceptual Framework of Active Travel Behavior: a Review and Synthesis of Published Frameworks. Current Environmental Health Reports, 14(4): 1-10.
• Laeremans, M., Dons, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Carrasco-Turigas, G., Orjuela, J.P., Anaya, E., Brand, C., Cole-Hunter, T., De Nazelle, A., Götschi, T., Kahlmeier, S., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Standaert, A., De Boever, P., Int Panis, L. (2017) Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in daily life: A comparative analysis of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and the SenseWear armband. PLoS ONE.
• Laeremans, M., Gotschi, T., Dons, E., Kahlmeier, S., Brand, C., de Nazelle, A., Gerike, R., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Raser, E., Stigell, E., Anaya Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Cole-Hunter, T., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Mueller, N., Pablo Orjuela, J., Racioppi, F., Standaert, A., Rojas-Rueda, D. and Int Panis, L. (2017) 1929 - Does an Increase in Walking and Cycling Translate into a Higher Overall Physical Activity Level? Journal of Transport and Health, 5(20).
• Mueller, N., Rojas-Rueda, D., Salmon, M., Martinez, D., Brand, C., de Nazelle, A., Gerike, R., Gotschi, T., Lacorossi, F., Int Panis, L., Kahlmeier, S., Raser, E. and Stigell, E. (2017) 1831 - Health Impact Assessment of Cycling Network Expansions in European Cities., 5(9-10).
• Raser, E., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Wegener, S., Dons, E., Standaert, A., Götschi, T., Int Panis, L., Brand, C., Gerike, R., Ambros, A., Rojas-Rueda, D. and de Nazelle, A. (2017) 1973 - European Cyclists Travel Behaviour: Differences and Similarities Between Seven European Cities., 5(28-29).
• Rojas-Rueda, D., Brand, C., Clark, A., Cole-Hunter, T., de Nazelle, A., Dons, E., Gerike, R., Gotschi, T., Panis, L.I., Kahlmeier, S., Mueller, N., Nilsson, A., Nussio, F., Sanchez, J., Racciopi, F., Raser, E., Rothballer, C. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2017) 1857 - Comprehensive Health Impact Assessment for Active Travel: The "Pasta" Project Approach. Journal of Transport and Health, 5(86-87).
• Tainio, M., Monsivais, P., Jones, N., Brand, C.and Woodcock, J. (2017) 1976 - Mortality, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Consumer Cost Impacts of Replacing Short Car Trips with Cycling: A Health Impact Assessment Study. Journal of Transport and Health, 5(71).
• Tainio, M., Monsivais, P., Jones, N.R.V., Brand, C. and Woodcock, J. (2017) Mortality, greenhouse gas emissions and consumer cost impacts of combined diet and physical activity scenarios: a health impact assessment study. BMJ Open, 7(2). e014199.
• Brand, C. (2016) Beyond ‘Dieselgate’: Implications of unaccounted and future air pollutant emissions and energy use for cars in the United Kingdom. Energy Policy, 97: 1-12.
• Gerike, R., de Nazelle, A., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Panis, L.I., Anaya, E. Avila-Palencia, I., Boschetti, F., Brand, C., Cole-Hunter, T., Dons, E., Eriksson, U., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Kahlmeier, S., Laeremans, M., Mueller, N., Pablo Orjuela, J., Racioppi, F., Raser, E., Rojas-Rueda, D., Schweizer, C., Standaert, A., Uhlmann, T., Wegener, S. and Götschi, T. (2016) Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA): a study protocol for a multicentre project. Public Health, 6(1).
• Dons, E., Götschi, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., de Nazelle, A., Anaya, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C., Cole-Hunter, T., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Kahlmeier, S., Laeremans, M., Mueller, N., Orjuela, J., Raser, E., Rojas-Rueda, D., Standaert, A., Stigell, E., Uhlmann, T., Gerike, R. and Int Panis, L. (2015) Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA): protocol for a multi-centre, longitudinal study. BMC Public Health, 15(1126).
• Götschi, T., Standaert, A., Eriksson, U., Dons, E., Panis, L.I., Kahlmeier, S., de Nazelle, A., Anaya, E., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Rojas-Rueda, D., Brand, C. and Gerike, R. (2015) A29 Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA) – a pan-European web-based survey on determinants of active travel behaviour using an opportunistic sampling approach. Journal of Transport and Health, 2(2): 19-20.
• Rojas-Rueda, D., Anaya, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Brand, C., Cole-Hunter, T., de Nazelle, A., Dons, E., Frick, F., Gerike, R., Götschi, T., Kahlmeier, S., Mueller, N., Nilsson, A., Nussio, F., Orjuela, J.P., Panis, L.I., Racioppi, F., Rothballer, C., Sanchez, J., Schweizer, C., Uhlmann, T., Wegener, S. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2015) A13 Comprehensive Health Impact Assessment for Active Travel: A "PASTA" project approach. Journal of Transport and Health, 2(2): 11-12.
• Brand, C., Goodman, A. and Ogilvie, D. (2014) Evaluating the impacts of new walking and cycling infrastructure on carbon dioxide emissions from motorized travel: A controlled longitudinal study. Applied Energy, 128: 284-295.
• Morton, C. Anable, J. and Brand, C. (2014) Policy making under uncertainty in electric vehicle demand. Proceedings of the ICE - Energy, 167(3): 125-138.
• Tran, M., Brand, C. and Banister, D. (2014) Modelling diffusion feedbacks between technology performance, cost and consumer behaviour for future energy-transport systems. Journal of Power Sources, 251: 130-136.
• Brand, C., Anable, J. and Tran, M. (2013) Accelerating the transformation to a low carbon transport system: the role of car purchase taxes, feebates, road taxes and scrappage incentives. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 49: 132-148.
• Brand, C., Goodman, A., Rutter, H., Song, Y. and Ogilvie, D. (2013) Associations of individual, household and environmental characteristics with carbon dioxide emissions from motorised passenger travel. Applied Energy, 104: 158-169.
• Song, Y., Preston, J.M. and Brand, C. (2013) What explains active travel behaviour? Evidence from case studies in the UK. Environment and Planning A, 45(12): 2980-2998.
• Anable, J., Brand, C., Tran, M. and Eyre, N. (2012) Modelling transport energy demand: A socio-technical approach. Energy Policy, 41: 125-138.
• Brand, C., Tran, M. and Anable, J. (2012) The UK transport carbon model: an integrated life cycle approach to explore low carbon futures. Energy Policy, 41: 107-124.
• Goodman, A., Brand, C. and Ogilvie, D. (2012) Associations of health, physical activity and weight status with motorised travel and transport carbon dioxide emissions: a cross-sectional, observational study. Environmental Health, 11(52).
• Ogilvie, D., Bull, F., Cooper, A., Rutter, H., Adams, E., Brand, C., Ghali, K., Jones, T., Mutrie, N., Powell, J., Preston, J., Sahlqvist, S. and Song, Y. (2012) Evaluating the travel, physical activity and carbon impacts of a 'natural experiment' in the provision of new walking and cycling infrastructure: methods for the core module of the iConnect study. BMJ Open, 2012(2). e000694.
• Ogilvie, D., Bull, F., Powell, J., Cooper, A.R., Brand, C., Mutrie, N., Preston, J.M. and Rutter, H. (2011) An applied ecological framework for evaluating infrastructure to promote walking and cycling: the iConnect study. American Journal of Public Health, 101(3): 473-481.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J.M. (2010) '60-20 emission' - The unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal, non-business travel in the UK. Transport Policy, 17(1): 9-19.
• Jablonski, S., Strachan, N., Brand, C. and Bauen, A. (2010) The role of bioenergy in the UK's energy future formulation and modelling of long-term UK bioenergy scenarios. Energy Policy, 38(10): 5799-5816.
• Powell, J., Dalton, A., Brand, C. and Ogilvie, D. (2010) The health economic case for infrastructure to promote active travel: A critical review. Built Environment, 36(4): 504-518.
• Brand, C. (2009) "Hockey sticks" made of carbon: unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal travel in the United Kingdom. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2139: 88-96.
• Givoni, M., Brand, C. and Watkiss, P. (2009) Are railways climate friendly? Built Environment, 35(1): 70-86.
• Brand, C. and Boardman, B. (2008) Taming of the few – The unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal travel in the UK. Energy Policy, 36(1): 224-238.
• Jablonski, S., Strachan, N., Brand, C., Pantaleo, A. and Bauen, A. (2008) A Systematic Assessment of Bioenergy Representation in the UK Markal Model: Insights on the formulation of bioenergy scenarios. TSU Working Paper Series, Ref. 1040.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2003) Which technology for urban public transport? Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Transport, 156(4): 201-210.
• Brand, C., Mattarelli, M., Moon, D. and Wolfler Calvo, R. (2002) STEEDS: Strategic Transport, Energy, Environment Decision Support. European Journal of Operational Research, 139(2): 416-435.
• Brand, C., Winkler, A., Hess, P., Miklós, A., Bozóki, Z. and Sneider, J. (1995) Pulsed-laser excitation of acoustic modes in open high-Q photoacoustic resonators for trace gas monitoring: results for C2H4. Applied Optics, 34(18): 3257-3266.
• Miklós, A., Brand, C., Winkler, A. and Hess, P. (1994) Effective noise reduction on pulsed laser excitation of modes in a high-Q photoacoustic resonator. J. Phys. IV France, 04(C7): 781-784.

Book Chapters

• Mudu, P., Kahlmeier, S., Racioppi, F., Brand, C. and Goodwin, F. (forthcoming) Transport, energy and health. In, Menne, B., et al (ed.) Energy and Health. WHO Europe, Copenhagen.
• Brand, C., Dekker, H.J. and Behrendt, F. (2022) Cycling, climate change and air pollution. In, Advances in Transport Policy and Planning. Elsevier.
• Hopkins, D. and Brand, C. (2021) The energy implications of transport planning. In, Vickerman, R., Noland, R.B. and Ettema, D. (eds.) The International Encyclopedia of Transportation. Elsevier, London.
• Anable, J. and Brand, C. (2019) Energy, pollution and climate change. Chapter 3 in, Docherty, I. and Shaw, J. (eds.) Transport Matters. Bristol Policy Press. 452 pp. ISBN: 978-1447329565.
• Eyre, N., Anable, J., Brand, C., Layberry, R. and Strachan, N. (2010) The way we live from now on: lifestyle and energy consumption. Chapter 9 in, Skea, J., Ekins, P. and M. Winskel (eds.) Energy 2050: Making the Transition to a Secure Low Carbon Energy System. Earthscan. 408 pp. ISBN: 9781849710848.

Reports

• Barrett, J., Pye, S., Betts-Davies, S., Eyre, N., Broad, O., Price, J., Norman, J., Anable, J., Bennett, G., Brand, C., Carr-Whitworth, R., Marsden, G., Oreszczyn, T., Giesekam, J., Garvey, A., Ruyssevelt, P. and Scott, K. (2021) The role of energy demand reduction in achieving net-zero in the UK. Centre for Research into Energy Demand Solutions, Oxford, UK. ISBN: 978-1-913299-11-8.
• Brand, C. (2021) Focusing just on electric cars could impede race to net zero. UKRI (EPSRC, ESRC, NERC) Impact Case Study, 26 August 2021
• Brand, C., Anable, J. and Marsden, G. (2021) The role of energy demand reduction in achieving net-zero in the UK: Transport and mobility. Centre for Research into Energy Demand Solutions, Oxford, UK.
• Brand, C., Anable, J., Philips, I. and Morton, C. (2019) Transport Energy Air pollution Model (TEAM): Methodology Guide. UKERC: UK Energy Research Centre 120 pp.
• Ketsopoulou, I., Taylor, P. and Watson, J. (eds.) (2019) Disrupting the UK energy system: causes, impacts and policy implications. UKERC: UK Energy Research Centre 40 pp. UKERC Research Report. (Brand, C. and Killip, G. contributing authors).
• Kahlmeier, S., Götschi, T., Cavill, N., Castro Fernandez, A., Brand, C., Rojas Rueda, D., Woodcock, J., Kelly, P., Lieb, C., Oja, P., Foster, C., Rutter, H. and Racioppi, F. (2017) Health economic assessment tools (HEAT) for walking and for cycling: Methods and user guide on physical activity, air pollution, injuries and carbon impact assessments. World Health Organization, Copenhagen. ISBN: 978 92 890 5278 8.
• Patrick, J., Killip, G., Brand, C., Augustine, A. and Eyre, N. (2014) Oxfordshire's Low Carbon Economy. Environmental Change Institute and Low Carbon Oxford
• Watson, J., Fross, R., Ketsopoulou, I. and Winskel, M. (2014) UK Energy Strategies Under Uncertainty - Synthesis Report. UK Energy Research Centre, London.
• Preston, I., White, V., Thumim, J., Bridgeman, T. and Brand, C. (2013) Distribution of carbon emissions in the UK: implications for domestic energy policy. Joseph Rowntree Foundation, London. 135 pp.
• Brand, C. (2010) UK Transport Carbon Model: Reference Guide v1.0. UKERC Energy Demand Theme, Oxford. 131 pp.
• Brand, C. (2010) UK Transport Carbon Model: User Guide v1.0. UKERC Energy Demand Theme, Oxford.
• UKERC (2009) Making the transitions to a secure and low carbon energy system: synthesis report. Energy Research Centre, London, UK.
• Brand, C. (contributor) (2008) Climate for a transport change. TERM 2007: indicators tracking transport and environment in the European Union. European Environment Agency and Office for Official Publications of the European Communities EEA Report No 1/2008..
• Brand, C. (contributor) (2008) Success stories within the road transport sector on reducing greenhouse gas emission and producing ancillary benefits. European Environment Agency and Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 70 pp. ISBN: 9789291671229. Technical report No 2/2008..
• Brand, C. (2006) Integrated Travel Emissions Profiles: Case Study Report. TSU Working Paper Series, Ref. 1017. Transport Studies Unit, University of Oxford
• Brand, C., Preston, J. and Boardman, B. (2006) Integrated travel emissions profiles: final research report to the ESRC. Transport Studies Unit and Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford
• Brand, C. (2004) Integrated travel emissions profiles: methodology report. TSU Working Paper Ref. 981, University of Oxford
• Brand, C., Boardman, B. and Preston, J. (2004) Integrated travel emissions profiles: Report on literature review. TSU Working Paper Ref. 982, University of Oxford
• Brand, C., Raje, F., Preston, J. and Grieco, M. (2004) Transport and access to health care: The potential of new information technology. Final Report. TSU, Oxford University for the Dept. for Transport, London
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2002) The field studies - synthesis of results. TSU Working Paper Ref. 931, University of Oxford
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2002) The wider costs and benefits of urban public transport systems. TSU Working Paper Ref. 919, University of Oxford
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2001) Technical and Financial Characteristics of Public Transport Systems. TSU Working Paper Ref. 911, University of Oxford
• Brand, C., Bush, T., Stedman, J. and Murrells, T. (2001) Policy evaluation: measures to reduce air pollution from road traffic. AEA Technology Environment for the Department of the Environment Transport and the Regions, the Scottish Executive, the National Assembly for Wales and the Department of the Environment in Northern Ireland
• Bates, J., Brand, C., Davison, B. and Hill, N. (2000) Economic evaluation of emissions reductions in the transport sector of the EU. AEA Technology Environment for DG Environment, European Commission, Brussels.
• Brand, C. (2000) Transport CO₂ indicator: assessment and action plan. Final Report. AEA Technology Environment for HM Customs and Excise Duty, London
• Brand, C., et al. (2000) Reducing congestion by introducing new concepts of transport: policy and market synthesis. European Commission, DG Transport and Energy
• Watkiss, P., Brand, C. and Murrells, T. (2000) Strategic environmental assessment of CNG taxis in London, Final Report. AEA Technology Environment for BG Group
• Watkiss, P., Brand, C., Hinds, N., Holl, M., Marx, C. and Stephenson, W. (2000) Urban Energy-Use: Guidance on Reducing Environmental Impacts. Final Report for the Department for International Development
• Watkiss, P., Brand, C., Hurley, F., Pilkington, A., Mindell, J., Joffe, M. and Anderson, R. (2000) On the move: informing transport health impact assessment in London. NHS Executive London and AEA Technology Environment
• Brand, C., et al. (1999) CANTIQUE? Cleaner air for Europe: the role of non-technical transport measures. AEA Technology for the European Commission DG TRANSPORT
• Moon, D.P. and Brand, C. (1999) Strategic transport-energy-environment decision support (STEEDS), Final Report. AEA Technology for the European Commission, DG RESEARCH
• Brand, C., et al. (1998) Characterisation of technologies for impact assessment Project milestone deliverable 12. ETSU for the European Commission, DG Transport and Energy
• Brand, C., et al. (1997) A state-of-the-art survey and review of new transport technologies. Project milestone deliverable 8. ETSU for the European Commission, DG Transport and Energy
• Brand, C., et al. (1997) Forecast of new technologies with major impacts. Project milestone deliverable 9. ETSU for the European Commission, DG Transport and Energy

Conference Papers

• Dixon, J., Bukhsh, W., Bell, K. and Brand, C. (2021) Plug and play: the impact of plug-in frequency on the potential of vehicle to grid to support transport and electricity system decarbonisation. British Institute of Energy Economics Conference, September, Oxford, UK.
• Yang, A., McCoy, E., Boig, E.A., Palencia, I.A., Brand, C., Dons, G.C.T.E., Gerike, R., Goetschi, T., Nieuwenhuijsen, M., Orjuela, J.P., Panis, L.I., Standaert, A. and de Nazelle, A. (2021) Stress in different travel modes: an observational study of Galvanic Skin Response measurements (GSR). ISEE Conference Abstracts, Environmental Health Perspectives.
• Brand, C. and Anable, J. (2019) ‘Disruption’ and ‘continuity’ in transport energy systems: the case of the ban on new conventional fossil fuel vehicles. European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy. eceee 2019 Summer Study on energy efficiency: Is efficient sufficient?.
• Avila-Palencia, I., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Raser, E., Gerike, R., Götschi, T., Kahlmeier, S., Laeremans, M., Dons, E., Standaert, A., Panis, L.I., Anaya-Boig, E., Orjuela, J.P., Sanchez, J., de Nazelle, A., Erikson, U., Stigell, E., Iacorossi, F., Brand, C. and Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J. (2018) Transport modes and subjective general health: roles of mental health, social contacts, and physical activity. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 75(A25)
• Götschi, T., Brand, C., Kahlmeier, S., Mueller, N., Dons, E., de Nazelle, A., Anaya, E., Cole Hunter, T., Int Panis, L. and Gerike, R. (2015) Physical Activity through Sustainable Transport Approaches (PASTA): a pan-European project on determinants and impacts of active transportation. TRB Moving Active Transportation to Higher Ground: Opportunities for Accelerating the Assessment of Health Impacts conference, 13-14 April, Washington DC.
• Killip, G., Eyre, N., Brand, C. and Patrick, J. (2015) Making the local economic case for low carbon – an Oxfordshire case study. Paper 3-253-15, eceee 2015 Summer Study on energy efficiency, Toulon/Hyères, France, 1st-6th June 2015.
• Brand, C., Anable, J. and Tran, M. (2013) The role of fiscal car purchasing incentives in a future low carbon transport system. Proceedings of the World Conference of Transportation Research 2013, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15-18 July.
• Brand, C., Goodman, A., Rutter, H., Song, Y. and Oglivie, D. (2013) Associations of personal and environmental characteristics with CO2 emissions from motorised travel. Proceedings of the World Conference of Transportation Research, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15-18 July.
• Brand, C. (2009) Hockey sticks made of carbon: unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal travel in the United Kingdom. Paper #09-2729., Washington DC, USA. Paper presented at the Transportation Research Board 88th Annual Meeting, January 2009.
• Brand, C., Anable, J. and Tran, M. (2009) 20% transport - how we may get there., Manchester. Paper presented at the RGS-IBG Annual International Conference, August 2009.
• Brand, C. (2007) Personal air and car travel - just dont do it! Proceedings of the European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (eceee) 2007 Summer Study - Saving Energy - Just do it!, 4-9 June 2007.. 1935-1946. ISBN: 9789163308994.
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2006) TEST--A Tool for Evaluating Strategically Integrated Public Transport. Proceedings of the European Transport Conference (ETC).
• Brand, C. and Preston, J. (2004) Tools for evaluating strategically integrated public transport., Loughborough University, UK. Proceedings of the 2004 UTSG Conference, Loughborough University, UK. Also published as a TSU Working Paper Ref. 965, University of Oxford.
• Brand, C. and Moon, D. (2000) Integrated modelling and decision support for environmental transport policy and technology choices across Europe. PTRC Education and Research Services TD on behalf of the Association for European Transport Proceedings of Transport Modelling: Seminar K of the European Transport Conference, 11-13 September 2000.. 189-202. ISBN: 0860503410.

Articles

• Brand, C. (2021) Neutralité carbone des villes: le vélo 10 fois plus efficace que la voiture électrique. The Conversation: France, 09/05/2021.
• Brand, C. (2021) La bicicleta es diez veces más importante que el coche eléctrico para reducir emisiones en las ciudades. The Conversation: Spain, 23/04/2021.
• Brand, C. (2021) Seven reasons global transport is so hard to decarbonise. The Conversation: UK, 10/11/2021.

Curriculum Vitae

• CV PDF: 230KB